Xanthan gum is a type of microbial exopolysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris via fermentation with carbohydrates. It possesses unique rheological properties, good water solubility, and stability under heat and acidic or alkaline conditions. Xanthan gum can be used as a thickening agent, suspension agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is currently the world's most widely produced and used microbial polysaccharide.